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The 1980s, pronounced "the Eighties", was the decade that started on January 1, 1980 and ended on December 31, 1989.
The time period saw social, economic and general change as wealth and production migrated to newly industrializing economies. As economic liberalization increased in the developed world, multiple multinational corporations associated with the manufacturing industry relocated into Thailand, Malaysia, Mexico, South Korea, Taiwan, China, and new market economies in Eastern Europe following the collapse of communism in eastern Europe. Japan and West Germany are the most notable developed countries that continued to enjoy rapid economic growth during the decade.
Developing countries across the world faced economic and social difficulties as they suffered from multiple debt crises in the 1980s, requiring many of these countries to apply for financial assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. Ethiopia witnessed widespread famine in the mid-1980s, resulting in the country having to depend on foreign aid to provide food to its population and worldwide efforts to address and raise money to help Ethiopians, such as the famous Live Aid concert in 1985.
Major civil discontent and violence occurred in the Middle East, including the Iran-Iraq War, the ongoing Soviet-Afghan War, the 1982 Lebanon War, the Bombing of Libya in 1986, and the First Intifada in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
In the eastern world, hostility to authoritarianism and the failing command economies of communist states resulted in a wave of reformist policies by communist regimes such as the policies of perestroika and glasnost in the Soviet Union, along with the overthrows and attempted overthrows of a number of communist regimes, such as in Poland, Hungary, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 in China, the Czechoslovak "Velvet Revolution", and the overthrow of the Nicolae Ceauşescu regime in Romania and other communist Warsaw Pact states in Central and Eastern Europe. It came to be called the late 1980s "purple passage of the autumn of nations". By 1989 with the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet Union announced the abandonment of political hostility to the western world and thus the Cold War ended. These changes continued to be felt in the 1990s and into the 21st century.
The 1980s was also an era of tremendous population growth around the world, surpassing even the 1970s and 1990s, thus arguably being the largest in human history. Population growth was particularly rapid in a number of African, Middle Eastern, and South Asian countries during this decade, with rates of natural increase close to or exceeding 4% annually.
During the 1980s, for the first time in world history, transpacific trade (with East Asia, such as China, and Latin America, primarily with Mexico) equaled that of transatlantic trade (with Western Europe or with neighboring Canada)., solidifying American economic powerThe 1980s saw a revival of capitalism and laissez-faire economics. Consumers became more sophisticated in their tastes (a trend begun in the '70s), and things such as European cars and designer clothing became fashionable. The status symbol of the 80s were the yuppies, derived from the initials of Young Urban Professionals whom were upper-middle class white-collar workers and corporate executives.
The financial world and the stock market were glamorized in a way they had not been since the 1920s, and figures like Donald Trump and Michael Milken were widely seen as symbols of the decade. Widespread fear of Japanese economic strength would grip the United States in the '80s.
The kitsch of the 1970s, while itself rejected, influenced the fashion of the 1980s – in the beginning of the decade marked by the New Romantic movement and later by fashion inspired by heavy metal bands, including teased hair, ripped jeans and neon clothing.
Michael Jackson was a popular entertainer of the 1980s and his leather jacket, glove and Moonwalk dance were often imitated.
The keyboard synthesizer and drum machine, introduced in the 1970s, were among the most popular in music in the 1980s, especially in New Wave music. After the 1980s, electronic instruments were no longer popular in rock but continued to be the main component of mainstream pop.
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Clothes
70s clothes
The fashion of the 70s was very different from fashion to the punk album this decade and continued the rapid changing scenario that emerged in the 60s. Thus these two decades were crucial in what is fashionable today. Currently, many designers based their creations in the two decades.
In the 70 slopes were in all sorts of lengths, from minis, maxis and all long that we might occur. At the beginning of the decade, the jeans were bell, very broad, and at the end of the decade, the pants are narrow; the punk movement even established cigarette pants.
The fabrics used were also varied, from sequins to ethnic designs, experimented with virtually all types of materials and colors.
The hippie trend that emerged in the '60s, was accentuated in the 70s. He brought the ethnic clothing, as Nehru jackets, tunics and blouses East and Africa. In the mid to late 70's kaftans, kimonos, and other styles jalabiya East, both Arabs, Indians and Africans had great reception from the crowds. The bags and crochet bikinis of the Greek islands, Spanish shawls, ponchos in South America, peasant style skirts, vests Tibetans and Chinese, Indian scarves, ornaments and accessories for American Indians, bracelets, necklaces, jewelry from around the world. A lot of ethnic elements were incorporated into the dress. The world began to go global through fashion.
In regard to shoes, platforms were a boom to the early and late, the needle heels resurfaced.
The long coats tended to decline in this decade, and had more superiority short jackets, velvet, quilted fabrics, wool, or waterproof.
Fashion brought the disc screens, leopard prints and a range of accessories to look brilliant in the clubs. In the late '70s, punk movement emerged and their fashions, but as a small group. It was followed by the masses in the '80s with its anarchic slogan "no future".
Here's a list of links to see pictures of 70s fashion, click the arrow to continue to see the gallery.
INTRODUCTION
The 70s are characterized by the birth and development of new musical movements, which are: punk, disco, personal pop, heavy metal, Latin rock, reggae, rock, urban, techno pop, glam rock, and symphonic rock. In these years the most prominent musicians, among others are: Pink Floyd, Queen, Abba, Kraftwerk, Bruce Springsteen, Bob Marley, Thin Lizzy, Carlos Santana, The Bee Gees and the Sex Pistols. Of these movements, these musicians and groups and others will talk in greater depth below.
Symphonic Rock:
Symphonic rock is to add elements of rock music to jazz or classical music. Your pioneered by Moody Blues. In Europe, added a symphony orchestra, while in North America are added elements of jazz music. In Europe, stress and Pink Floyd, Deep Purple, Genesis and Mike Oldfield, and America stands Frank Zappa.
MOODY BLUES:
UK group formed in Birmingham in 1964. It consisted of five men:
Lame-Denny even his real name was Brian Hines. Born in 1944 in Jersey. Played guitar and was involved in the voices.
-Mike Pinder. Born in 1941 in Birmingham. He played keyboards and took part in the voices.
-Ray Thomas. Born in 1941 in Stourport-on Severn. Playing the flute and participated in the voices.
-Clint Warwick. His real name was Clinton Eccles. Born in Birmingham in 1939. Played bass.
"Graeme Edge. Born in 1941 in Rochester. It was for battery.
His first single was Go Now, in 1945. Pioneered the use of the mellotron and the flute in instrumentation. Published nothing more and less than 30 albums, among which we highlight: The Present (1986), The Other Side of Life (1986), Keys of Kingdom (1991) and To Our Children's Children's Children (1996). His last album was Strange Times, published in 1999.
PINK FLOYD:
British rock group that features psychedelic music adapted from the late 1960s and progressive conceptual gender of the next decade. This group was established in London in 1965 by Roger Waters (bass), Richard Wright (keyboards) and Nick Mason (drums). He later joined the group Roger songwriter and guitarist Syd Barrett. The group maintained a constant presence in the most advanced music scene in London. His first recordings as 'Arnold Layne' and 'See Emily Play' (both 1967) impressed the public with their strange chord changes and psychedelic themes. But Barrett was becoming unstable and lonely figure in 1968 and was replaced by guitarist David Gilmour. Pink Floyd said from that moment on its ambitious staging that incorporated the latest techniques and sophisticated lighting systems to relay their complex sound. In their most popular album, Dark Side of the Moon (1973) included electronic rattle and hum, extended instrumental passages and poems (written by Roger Waters) on the stresses of modern life that can lead a man to madness. This album was very successful and stayed 15 years among the 200 top selling albums worldwide. In 1985, Waters left the band, but have continued recording and touring. In 1994 released the album The Division Bell.
GENESIS:
British rock band, formed in 1966 at the Charterhouse School, England and became famous in 1972 with the album Foxtrot. His shows were lavished and became increasingly theatrical, with complex music accompanied by the voice of Peter Gabriel dressed in animal skins or plant disguised himself to illustrate the themes of his songs. This period culminated with the recording of a dense conceptual double album entitled The Lamb Lies Down On Broadway (1974). In 1975, Gabriel left the group as drummer, Phil Collins, was also responsible for the vocals. The band's style became less ornate, favoring its commercial success. Collins became a famous singer and composer, qualities that allow you an outstanding solo career outside of Genesis. Genesis in 1977 embarked on a mammoth tour of 43 U.S. cities plus several concerts in Brazil and France. For the occasion is group Chester Thompson (ex-Zappa and former Weather Report) and Phil Bruford on drums and percussion, which allowed Collins was concerned only with the vocals. Proceeds from this tour is Second Out double live album was recorded in Paris at the Palais des Sports, which was published in October 1977. Later that same year, guitarist Steve Hackett left the band. The remaining members (Phil Collins, Tony Banks and Mike Rutherford) released in 1978 album And Then There Were Three, which won its first gold record in America. Genesis evolved and, at the time of her twelfth birthday, was in the pop scene with his clever texts, their love songs and music videos. The album Invisible Touch, 1986, sold over five million copies. Both Phil Collins and Peter Gabriel are now following their solo careers with some success.
MIKE OLDFIELD:
His real name was Michael Gordon Oldfield. Born 15 May 1953 in Reading (England). His father, Ray, had a guitar, he taught Mike to play a little. Mike convinced his father to buy a guitar that you see on TV to the musician Bert Weedon, and at that moment realized she wanted to be a musician.
At age 10 she began to compose with his acoustic guitar.
In 1966 his family moved to Romford in Essex. Just a year later, left school and is with her sister Sally folk group, The Sallyangie, with which record a disc, Children of the sun.
Three years later the group disappears and Mike with his brother Terry as the group Barefoot. The group disbanded, and in the minds of Mike and was hatched the idea of creating a symphonic piece: Tubular Bells.
Mike began recording in the recording studio The Manor. The album was released on May 25, 1973. It consisted of two parts:
-A first part of 25 min.
"A second part of 23.5 min.
The LP got to be No 1 in Europe. In this work, failed an extract of 4 minutes for the horror film "The Exorcist".
In 1975, his mother dies. In that year, Mike also is rewarded with a pr gramy his work Tubular Bells, in the category of Best Instrumental Composition. Three years later, Mike Füller married Diana, but the marriage only lasted 2 weeks. In 1979, he married Sally Cooper, with whom he has three children. That same year also released the album QE2. In año1992, remove the disc on sale Tubular Bells II. And in 1998 brings the third part of this saga: Tubular Bells III. His latest work is Tr3s Lunas, which was released in 2002 and was presented in Valencia.
FRANK ZAPPA:
Frank Vincent Zappa was born on 21 d ediciembre 1940 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Because the use of his father, moved to California, where he grew up, lived and musical forms. In 1962, he bought a recording studio called Studio Z, in which he recorded and produced singles from Rhythm & Blues. In 1964 he formed The Mothers of Invention. The following year he met Herb Cohen, his manager, with whom he worked for 12 years. In 1969 he disbanded the Mothers, a fact that alienated most of the musicians who formed the group. In 1971, during a show in London, an audience member, threw him to the orchestra pit. This incident forced him to be almost a year in a wheelchair. Two years later, underwent a period of great commercial success with their albums Apostrophe and Overnite Sensation. In 1976, quarreled with him sued Cohen and his record company (Warner Bros.) for breach of contract. From that moment he had serious problems of dissemination and distribution of their albums, to which he added the apathy of the press. This period of ostracism media ended when in 1985 he took over the battle against a group of influential women politicians who wanted to halt what it called porn rock. In 1988 he made his last tour as a rock musician. Prostate cancer patient, he continued composing and working in his studio, he UMRK. It gave a taste of the Ensemble Modern of Germany premiered several of his compositions in an event called The Yellow Shark. He died in his bed, surrounded by his family pr at 6 pm on Saturday 4 December 1993.
DEEP PURPLE:
British rock group framed in music symphonic rock.
Ever since its formation in 1968 was famous for his versions of songs from popular music. In less than a year met several performers with great aspirations in rock music. The album Deep Purple In Rock (1970) is a compendium of his best known style, with speeches by vocalist Ian Gillan and extraordinary guitar solos Balckmore Ritchie and songs that lasted more than twice normal . This formula was increased with the affinity of keyboardist Jon Lord classical music (in 1970 the group recorded the Concerto for Group and Orchestra in collaboration with British trumpeter and composer Malcolm Arnold). Drummer Ian Paice and Roger Glover bass were acclaimed for their inspired performances. Discs Fireball (1971), Machine Head (1972) and Made in Japan (1973) quickly gained popularity. The single disc Smoke On The Water is considered a classic in its genre by its thunderous arrangement and its repetitive guitar line. After several changes in its components, the group broke up in 1976 to come together again after eight years.
THE GLAM ROCK
The Glam Rock is characterized by the use of makeup for men. Vestario also uses a very extravagant and flashy, and sexual ambiguity. This movement would be led by David Bowie. Queen would be a great success. His style with the strength of hard rock would become a genuine mass movement.
At the individual level could highlight Alice Cooper, with some adrenaline-packed performances and Elton John.
ELTON JOHN:
British singer-songwriter's most popular seventies. Born in Pinner, Middlesex. He started playing the piano and singing with the group Bluesology, and in 1965 began a solo career. Two years later he met lyricist Bernie Taupin, with whom he established a fruitful relationship. The single "Your Song" (1971) was his first success. The talent that he showed as a singer of ballads and sentimental melodies became his hallmark. He began acting with extravagant costumes and other decorations characteristic of the glam rock style he used in songs like 'Crocodile Rock' (1973) and "The Bitch Is Back '(1974). In 1976 he shocked the public with certain statements about his bisexuality. Between 1972 and 1975, seven of their albums reached the top of the charts in Britain. One of his albums praised by critics more, belonging to this period, was Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy (1975), based on true stories of his and Taupin and which alluded to his recent suicide attempt. During the early eighties temporarily abandoned their relationship with Taupin, and sought a solution to their problems with drugs and bulimia. Their resilience was reflected in his song 'I'm Still Standing' ( 'I still resist', 1983). In 1992, equaled the record set by Elvis Presley to get placed for twenty consecutive years within forty best-selling albums in the United States. In 1995 has brought from England, who, as usual in all his work, he entered all the charts. With 'You Feel The Love Tonight', a song he wrote for the movie The Lion King, won the Oscar for best song this year.
DAVID BOWIE:
Born in 1947 in Brixton, London, and his real name is David Robert Jones, who moved in his youth by Bowie, eager to enter the advertising environments, and film. Her first performances as the singer performed in small clubs and institutes, together with amateur musicians (David Jones & The King Bees, Manish Boys, The Lower Third) until the end of the sixties began to record his first singles, which make up the album The World of David Bowie (1966-1967), renamed in 1973 Images and is a complete compilation of those years. After a period of approach to theater, is formed as an actor and mime with Lindsay Kemp, who will be a decisive influence on their subsequent actions.
In 1969 he recorded the album Space Oddity, to arrive in office five lists. After a period of performing shows in various countries, makes friends with will be their new representative, Tony DeFries. In 1971 Bowie recorded the albums The Man Who Sold the World and Hunky Dory, offering a provocative image, consistent with the glam, the dominant trend in British rock of the era. From the golden curls of his beginnings, Bowie adopts the look of a hairstyle that looks to be livid and female costumes.
It will start in 1972 when the great cycle of transformation that characterized his chameleon personality: The Rise And Fall Of Ziggy Stardust And The Spiders From Mars (1972), which embodies the 'Lady Star Dust', the last great myth of the rock; Aladdin Sane (1973), which underscores the ambiguous features to appear as a magic sent from the outside world and the heavy guitars reveal his interest in conquering the U.S. market. In 1974, the challenge goes further: Bowie, who has repeatedly declared his bisexuality, stands next to the model Twiggy on the cover of Pin Ups, a collection of some items on the pop of the sixties and is shown naked in the folder of your Diamond Dogs album, which will cause their work to be censored in several European countries. Bowie's songs generate a futuristic atmosphere, which accommodates obsessive short winks directed to American rock and develop deep and dense sequences where characters parade Orwellian (Big Brother 1984), archetypes of a decadent modernity ( 'Candidate') or figures seems to emerge from the gothic genre. In Britain the criticisms are harsh, despite the undeniable success, and Bowie then undertakes the conquest of the U.S. market with the album Young Americans (1975), which amounts to the top of the charts. Backed by Andy Warhol, with whom he became close friends, his popularity increased in a very short time.
New changes in the trajectory of Bowie's Space Oddity re-distributed, and takes the personality of the couple Tom, an astronaut lost in space, to be followed Station To Station (1976), Changes (1976) and, as a result of its collaboration with Brian Eno, Low (1977). Bowie evolves into a cool-looking character, aloof, wrapped in long leather coats, which dazzles after a few months singing the themes of a new album: Heroes (1977). In subsequent years, and still with Eno, Bowie recorded two more samples that demonstrate its versatility: Stage (1978) and Lodger (1979), which indicate their orientation towards a rock fresh, original and simple mass marketing. The same synthesis between satire, allegory and symbols sinister circus, but more strength, will be reflected in Scary Monsters (1980) and later at Rare (1982). In Let's Dance (1983) and Tonight (1984), Bowie goes to reconcile with great ease tight tracks ( 'Ricochet') to ballads that facilitate collaboration with other artists, including her beloved Iggy Pop, Queen, Mick and Tina Turner Jagger, The Rolling Stones. Meanwhile, a new character is born, marking the maturity of the British artist 'White Duke', a rock aristocrat reborn ironic about the world when he performs 'Modern Love' as a prelude.
In 1986, Bowie is already a movie star who composed the soundtrack for the film directed by Jim Henson and produced by George Lucas Labyrinth (1986), which plays one of the leading roles. His appearances in this area date back to early seventies, when he participated in a documentary about his career The 1980 Floor Show (1973), to be followed by The Man Who Fell To Earth (1975), Nicholas Roeg, Just A Gigolo (Gigolo, David Hemmings, 1979), Tony Scott's The Hunger (1983), Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (1983), Oshima Naghisa, or when night falls (1984), by John Landis. But this has not abandoned his quest as an artist of rock, as evidenced by the alternation that cultivates in his career leading the band Tin Machine and editing personal albums as controversial as Never Let Me Down (1987). With Outline (1995), after a long period of silence again Bowie transformed: this time assumes the identity of a detective in a futuristic city and recovered, with sounds of his time with Eno, his prominence in the forefront of rock.
QUEEN:
The main group of British rock. It consisted of four members.
Freddie Mercury, Brian Harold May, Roger Taylor and John Deacon. His story begins in 1968 when Brian May and Tim Staffel, two students at Imperial College, created a band called "Smile". They will be joined as drummer Roger Taylor. A fellow Tim Staffel, Freddie Bulsara, became a big fan of the group.
In 1970, Tim left the band, and Freddie joined the band, with Brian and Roger. Freddie changed his surname to Mercury and the group changed its name to "Queen". They were joined a year later John Deacon on bass. With these four names the group was already full most important British rock history.
In 1973, they recorded their first album, "Queen". The songs of Freddie religiosity mixed with typical rock en estado puro. After a tour as the opening act of the group "Moot The Hoople", recorded their second LP, "Queen II". Again become the opening act of "Moot the Hoople". After this tour they recorded a new album, "Sheer Herat Attack" in 1974, which was a worldwide success and recognition of the quality of the group.
In 1975 begins his first solo tour around the U.S., doing two shows a day, due to the success received. That year also began a tour in Japan.
That same year, released the single "Bohemian Rhapsody", a great success. He was No. 1 for nine weeks. When the LP, "A Night At The Opera" was released, it quickly became a success, becoming platinum. In 1976 he published "A Night at the Races", and in October 1977 the fan club members were called to take part in one of the videos, "We Are The Champions", recorded in the New London Theater. After recording, the group gave a free concert to thank his fans.
In October 1977 they released to the market "News Of The World" and a year later "Jazz". In October 1979, they released their 1st live album, "Live Killers". Soon, the band was asked to do the soundtrack for the movie "Flash Gordon" was published in 1980. In 1981 he began a tour of several South American countries breaking attendance records in countries like Brazil and Argentina. In October 1981 they released "Greatest Hits" "Greatest Flix" (video collection) and "Greatest Pix" (an autobiography with pictures of the group). In 1984 he published "The Works" album, which were the songs "Radio Ga Ga" and "I Want To Break Free" songs from a great success. In 1986 they released their second live album, "Live Magic". They had previously participated in the festival Rock in Rio, and at Live Aid, the first festival that was made against AIDS. Freddie Mercury and Montserrat Caballe, who were great friends, agreed to record an album together. The single appeared in Spain in September 1987, and quickly the Spanish Olympic Committee, elected him as the official anthem of the Barcelona Olympics 92.
In 1989 he released "The Miracle", which soon became a great success. At the time Freddie knew he was dying. With the end of the decade, Queen was voted the best group of 80. In 1991 released a new single, "Inmuendo" nearly seven minutes, which stood at the top of the charts all over the world. Freddie Mercury's illness influenced the drive letters that the band released. In late 1991 released "Greatest Hits II".
On 23 November 1991, Freddie announced publicly that she had AIDS. The next day he died at home surrounded by family and friends. This shocked his millions of fans. As a tribute to Freddie, was released a double single with two songs: "Bohemian Rhapsody" and "These Are The Day Of Our Lives. The money raised went to an NGO for the fight against AIDS.
On 20 April 1992, was offered a big concert as a tribute to Freddie at Wembley Stadium, and 72,000 tickets were sold in just 6 hours. The concert was televised live to more than one billion people worldwide. In 1995, after four years of work, was released last work of the band with Freddie Mercury. Its title was "Made In Heaven". Is currently representing a musical tribute to Queen, called We Will Rock You. This musical will come to Spain this year.
POP THE STAFF
The personal pop is a musical movement that is led by the Swedish group ABBA. It is similar to glam rock, but it does not use much hard rock.
ABBA:
Swedish-born pop group who enjoyed great success in the recording market by the mid-seventies and early eighties. They made their debut at a restaurant in Gothenburg in 1970 with the name of Festfolk but later decided to change it for the first initials of each member of the quartet, Agnetha Faltskog, Benny Andersson, Bjorn Ulvaeus and Anni-Frid (Frida) Lyngstad. Inspired by American pop and British, Italian and sentimentality German commercial music, Abba were characterized by the simplicity of their songs as well as their vocal harmonies. His first big hit, 'Waterloo', gave them the opportunity to represent Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974. In 1976 the group Abba was more popular in Europe, they added synthesizers and dance music to their repertoire and topped the charts and sales volume (at the time was the best selling group in the world with the exception of the Beatles) with titles like 'Mamma Mia', 'Fernando' and 'Dancing Queen'. The fact that the quartet was formed by two pairs added sentimentally attached to their romantic love songs, but divorced in 1979, Bjorn and Agnetha and Benny and Frida in 1981 led them to create a more pessimistic music and soon after dissolve and return to their solo careers. Abba's last album was the single Under Attack (1982). Benny and Bjorn later participated in the musical Chess and Frida Lyngstad recorded solo Something's Going On, an excellent and intimate work. In the nineties, years after his disappearance as a group have gone up the charts worldwide with collections, and on CD as The Best of Abba.
THE TECHNO POP
In the techno pop, guitars and batteries, stop being one of the key elements and pass background, being replaced by synthesizers and rhythm boxes. In this field stand the Germans Kraftwerk.
KRAFTWERK
Created by Ralf Hutter and Florian Schneider, this band was born in the late '60s, but its peak it achieved in the 70's. Doing a bit of history and remembering a few moments, we are located in this time of change, in all structures of society. And all amid some industrialized cities and dehumanized, they see the involution of the machine giving way to electronics and computers.
These musicians were the builders of their own instruments (generators, oscillators, synthesizers, drum machines, etc.). They released 16 LP's, among which stand out: Electric Café, Autobahn, The Best and The Model. This band has influenced modern groups such as Pet Shop Boys and Depeche Mode. His last appearance was at the Hanover Expo in 2000.
THE ROCK CITY
The main theme of this style, as its name indicates, is the urban, cities. We show both sides of the cities. On the one hand, we have the downtown, the big buildings ... Moreover, we show the poverty, the suburbs ... The main figure is the American Bruce Springsteen, known in the U.S. as The Boss (the Boss).
BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN:
Born in Freehold, New Jersey, in 1942, when he was 13 and bought a second hand guitar to imitate Elvis Presley. His songs speak of hard times, alienation and broken dreams, but with a touch of hope. He was an autodidact in the study of piano and harmonica, and during his student days in high school playing in bars and clubs in the area. In 1972 he signed a contract with Columbia Records. In 1973 he released his first album Greetings from Asbury Park, followed by The Wild, the Innocent and the E Street Shuffle in 1974. These albums, which achieved great success, provided him with a cohort of loyal and enthusiastic. His next album, Born to Run (1975), which is a day in the life of a teenager desperate marked its launch into stardom. Then other albums released as Darkness on the Edge of Town (1978), The River (1980) and Nebraska (1982).
His album Born in the USA (1984) marked the biggest seller in the history of Columbia Records, with 13 million copies and became Springsteen at the command of the young working class. In 1986 he recorded the album Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band in 1987 and Tunnel of Love, which won a Grammy. In 1992 he recorded two albums with the titles of Human Touch and Lucky Town.
Especially active in Springsteen's career was the year 1995. Has released two albums: The Ghost of Tom Joad, the album number 13, an intimate work, full of sensitivity and realism, the Nebraska line, and Greatest Hits (1985-1995) with four unreleased tracks: 'Secret Garden' 'Murder Incorporated', 'Blood Brothers' and 'This Hard Land'. With both reached the top of the charts worldwide. He has won four Grammys and an Oscar for 'Streets of Philadelphia', theme of the film by Jonathan Demme, Tim Robbins and has included his song in Dead Man Walking.
THE REGGAE
Musical style is influenced by the Rastafarian philosophy. The basis of this philosophy will be a return, by black men in Africa, because of the oppression of white men. His followers are regular users of marijuana. The reggae is in Jamaica. Its leader is Bob Marley, who manages to create a dance rhythm with a variety of percussion instruments and accompanied by small choirs.
BOB MARLEY:
Born in Rhoden Hall, St Ann, Jamaica, in 1945, and his real name was Robert Nesta Marley. In 1961, while working as a welder in Kingston, he formed his first band, The Rudeboys, known then as The Wailers. His early songs were a mix of calypso (form of folk music developed in the island of Trinidad, in northwestern South America, and originally performed at the carnival) and soul. In the late 1960s became famous as a singer of reggae music, Jamaican blend of folk rhythms, rock, rhythm and blues and soul. In 1967 he renounced Christianity to embrace the Rastafarian religion, a religious political movement that is named Caribbean Ras Tafari, ie the Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia. They claim that the inhabitants of the West Indies are from Ethiopia and there again.
The disks are Marley Catch a Fire (1972), Burnin '(1973), Natty Dread (1975) and Live (1975). In 1976 he stood out as a political activist and during the preparation of a free concert in Kingston was wounded by a gunshot. In 1980, during the violent election campaign in Jamaica intervened to get a public truce between political rivals Michael Manley and Edward Seaga. He then traveled through Europe, where he enjoyed great success in England, Sweden, Netherlands and West Germany. The album Rastaman Vibrations (1976) and its U.S. tour gave him many admirers among the American public of reggae, and continued success with Exodus (1977), Babylon by Bus (1978), Kaya (1978), Uprising (1980) and reprints of old issues. The themes of Marley's songs range from love songs, through social critique, to call for revolution. In 1981, the victim died of cancer in Miami.
THE HEAVY METAL
In order to take heavy metal guitars. At maximum power and sound are very aggressive. Its leader be Led Zeppelin, which mix a high voice with the guitars, Reanda a magnificent musical composition. Other groups are Thin Lizzy, The Who, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath.
LED ZEPPELIN:
It was formed in 1968 with guitarist Jimmy Page, singer Robert Plant, bassist John Paul Jones and drummer John Bonham. Her first album, Led Zeppelin (1969), marked a new stage in music with a guitar sound based on the blues (like most of the rock of the sixties), but this time more amplified and wild their predecessors. They recorded Led Zeppelin II (1969), Led Zeppelin III (1970), an untitled LP (1971, called Led Zeppelin IV or Zoso, the characters that appear on the cover), Houses of the Holy (1973) and Physical Graffiti (1975). Throughout his career, his style evolved and softened, began to show an unexpected subtlety and mysticism influenced by British folk music and the occult.
In 1980, after the death of Bonham, the group disintegrated. Then Plant began a solo career. In 1988, Page recorded an album, also alone, and in 1993 released a new LP as a member of hard-rock duo Coverdale Page. In 1988, the surviving members of Led Zeppelin joined in a concert, with Bonham's son on drums to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of Atlantic Records, their record company. Led Zeppelin are regarded as one of the most important groups of rock history and its influence reaches trends ranging from grunge to heavy metal.
THE WHO:
British rock band formed in 1964 by Londoners Pete Townsend (guitar), John Entwistle (bass), Roger Daltrey (drums) and Keith Moon (vocals).
